Knowledge Management - Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

acquaintance Management - Tools - Essay ExampleThe holistic counseling of the cognition and information that an organisation comprises throttles the crux of the workings of the concept of fellowship perplexity. The taper of this approach is on integrated approach which deals with identification, capturing, evaluating and communion knowledge for gaining utmost result (W all in allace 2007). The major(ip) components of the knowledge focus includes the data and information of an organisation which is made available to all it employees through the wont of electronic and traditional mediums. The exact definition of the concept is not easy to define because it constitutes of the concept of knowledge which is very wide and difficult to define Knowledge management is that discipline which aims at making the individuals and teams enable for collectively creating, sharing and applying Knowledge. This plays an implant role in helping the organisation in achieving the organisational g oals and objectives. With the aid and sue of knowledge management the organisation aims at creating intellectual base and knowledge ground assets which play an essential role in increasing the returns and profits of the company. The major focus is on sharing of knowledge amongst the employees in order to devise the best working strategies. There are two major activities which play an important role in the arena of knowledge management which involves, capturing and documentation of both types of knowledge which includes tacit and explicit and disseminating the collecting information in the organisation for generating desirable results. The concept of knowledge management indicates that there exist a strong relation between the goals of the organisation and its strategy. The management of the intellectual knowledge of the organisation for some meaningful intention so that it creates value and meaning for the business is the major focus of knowledge management (Civi 2000). Thus, the c oncept of knowledge management can be defined as the organized and well planned management of knowledge assets which an organization has that play an important role in foundation of value and meets the strategic requirements of the company. The following diagram explains the concept and major constituents of knowledge management (Source Civi 2000) Various tools and techniques cede been used for the selection of knowledge management initiatives in small and medium sized organisations. The tools of knowledge management are divided into two parts that include information technology tools and web based tools (Debowski 2007). The purpose of knowledge management is to improve the performance of the organisation by providing certain tools, processes and systems for creation, and sharing of knowledge. These tools of knowledge management are efficacious for decision making processes of the organisation. An effective knowledge management tool ensures ease of use by the mountain. Knowledg e management tool provides specialised knowledge for the management of organisation in an effective manner. These tools also ensure management of technical issues in an effective manner. These tools provide adequate access to the obligation knowledge at the right time (Awad 2004). Brainstorming is one of the tools of knowledge management, which is used by people for generating new ideas for a particular project or event. It is considered as an appropriate tool that is resilient in nature and provides a wide range of options to people. The process of brainstorming starts with taking the initiatives from

Market analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

mart analysis - Essay ExampleIn general, soft drinks manufacturers have adapted to the new ways of active by responding to the demand for healthier products. This has helped add value to their products and generate ontogeny.In 2004, total consumption of takings/ vegetable juice increased by 7% and by 2009, the overall market conditions atomic number 18 intercommunicate to remain highly favourable for the fruit/ vegetable juice sector. 100% juice is expected stir volume growth of 43% and volume sales of 221 million litres or 384 million euros by 2009. (Euromonitor 2005) This supports the admission of Fruitness into the growing juice sector.Major players in the industry such as Coca-Cola, Spadel, Sunco (bottler and distributor of PepsiCo), Danone, Unilever, Nestle, Materne-Confilux, Wesergold, Melitta (Granini) and Looza (Tropicana) have manufacturing plants and distribution networks all over UK. As Fruitness will target companies in London only, our manufacturing facility wil l be located in or in close proximity to London.While the sector shows positive growth for the next three years, juice and nectar producers atomic number 18 already looking for new ways of retentiveness sales growing. As such, product innovation as well as packaging and pack sizes are very important in the juice/ vegetable juice industry.O pluck is the most popular tang with 17% share of the sector volume sales, grapefruit is second with 11% and tomato is third with 9%. As orange is still the leader, Fruitness is focusing on pure orange and orange based juices. one time established, Fruitness will invest in additional equipment in order to expand its existing product range and cater for customers growing interest in other flavours.100% juices dominate fruit/ vegetable juice products and the leading performance among the fruit/ vegetable juice sector is taken by 100% juice. The popularity of this subsector is delinquent to the increasingly active and sporty British consumer lif estyle and interest in healthier diet. Nectars and juice drinks are less popular among the British consumers. Promotional activities and the presentation of a variety of fresh 100% juices by companies such as Looza and Melitta, have created a significant consumer awareness of the health benefits of these products and as a result, at that place have subsequently been consumer shifts towards these.In addition, there has been a slight shift from long-life products to chilled/ short-life products in 2003 and 2004. persistence sources also expect stronger forecast period growth for chilled/ short-life products due to the fact that the majority of British consumers are against concentrates and prefer more natural, fresh products. To summarize, the main trends in the juice industry are differentiation including the internalisation of new flavours, new packaging formats and more targeted marketing as well as the reduction in calories and sugar and inclusion of vitamins C, E, minerals, se lenium and phytosterols. In addition carbonated beverage manufacturers have already started to make healthier products, such as juice with calcium, especially for women, and

Davis v. The Board of County Commissioners of Doa Ana County Essay

Davis v. The Board of County Commissioners of Doa Ana County - analyze ExampleThis make Herrera resign from his work in order to evade the disciplinary action. After a few days, the supervisor wrote a letter on behalf of Herrera to the MVH revealing that Herrera was an excellent worker arguing that he was confident that other prospective employees will notice (Walsh (2010, p. 148). Another supervisor of the Detention Centre made some verbal references that praised Herrera as a good worker who will contribute to effective institution performance. This made the plaintiff, the third party in this case to sue the Detention County for negligent misinterpretations of providing misleading information. This misinformation was provided by Mochen and Steele, employees at the Detention Center, which enabled Herrera to be employed again at the MVH. This legal issue was seen as a threat to employee thus the plaintiff to be assaulted hence sorted to accuse the board of county commissioners of D ona Ana County.The court concludes that Dona Ana countrified deserves to be accountable for negligent referral (misinterpretation) due to positive references. When Herrera got a position as mental wellness technician, he was allegedly accused of sex assault by the plaintiff and physically abused female person patients. In case an organization provides misleading references that can contribute to harm of employees in the new job, the jurisdictions subscribe the right to sue that organization for negligent referral. According to Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto (2004), the court of appeal has the right to judge Steele and Mochen for not taking into considerations the harm caused to the third party and the risk that may be encountered in the end. The government has laws that shelter all employees and the third parties in an organization from any harm imposed upon them. The US departments of Labor and its divisions put one over varied laws, which can shield third parties or employees in the workplace. Cases of negligent or a misinterpretation of any information provided

Approaches to Cinema - German Expressionism Essay

Approaches to Cinema - German Expressionism - Essay ExampleThe essay Approaches to Cinema - German Expressionism investigates German expressionism and films of this style. To begin with, it may be specially important to engage Metropolis in the discussion. Thus, the beginning of the previous century was a time in history when the human society grew more and more different and stratified. Revolution in the Russian pudding stone showed that there is a big group of people, the working fellowship, who is in perpetual conflict with the wealthy class that oppresses them. All this was heavily influenced by the view of Karl Marx. The movie Metropolis takes the division between the deuce classes to a new extreme on the one hand it, shows people living in paradise who cheat little about what lays under their city the true hell on earth. The directors were able to show that the two worlds are dramatically different in every aspect space, light, action and many others. This might be interpre ted as a fear of the ultimate stratification of classes. Another popular concern in Germany in the beginning of the twentieth century focused on the possibility that machines might take up the place of man. Metropolis highlights this theme very distinctly it is shown that a man can invent a machine and cover it with human form and no one will be able to prove the difference. In spite of the fact that the process of copying the appearance is not properly explained in the bullion and looks to fantastic, the outcome is more than realistic people listen to the robotic Maria and choose her as a leader.

Is DES cipher not security anymore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is stilbesterol cipher not security anymore - Essay ExampleAlthough DES are still universe used as a authority of encryption by many organizations and governments, DES has significantly deprecated and is no longer secure as just anyone with a little technical know-how and time can sort out into the cryptanalytic keys. However, this does not mean that DES cipher should never be used all. It only means that it is important to evaluate the value of the information to be protected, both to the attacker and to the owner, and fully grasp the spirit of the risks before making the decision to use Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher. According to Stallings (2006, p.73), DES whitethorn still provide security if used in situations involving no real threats such as when encrypting files on a family PC.In conclusion, in view of the contemporary threats, DES algorithm offers very little intimidation for any determined adversary and should never be considered to be secure. Using more effic ient and stronger cryptographic algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and 3DES among others may provide better

Recruitment and Staffing Proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

enlisting and Staffing Proposal - Coursework Example(Brown 56) Standards for quality staff includeA plan for systematic selection of a diverse companys staff is critical to assuring the availability of quality personnel. Moreover, developing linkages with senior high schools and colleges, career and job fairs, and scholarship and mentor programs is a strategy that can be used to insert a diverse group of career-focused personnel. (Lawlo 122)Training and staff development must be an on-going process that builds on the existing skills of each staff member. Training needs to be available to the junior staff members at different levels such as teachers, assistants, directors, and support staff. (Brown 88)To ensure proper selection of recruitment and retention of a qualified and competent staff, it is critical to develop and implement an equitable compensation system for childcare providers at all levels. An equitable compensation system offers salaries and benefits commensurate with th e increase in knowledge and skills that staff members elucidate through taking courses, participating in a cohesive training program, or working toward a degree or credential.A plan for teamwork should be included. A staffing system that supports regular and frequent interactions with a wide range of multidisciplinary specialists will assure the availability of necessary skills and knowledge.Finally, Opportunities for career advancement should take into tarradiddle the wide range of job roles and levels of training that providers currently have depending on the rank, staff should be given over promotion in terms of the salaries paid and the position.This is an operative recruitment technique for obtaining from in a company. Workers frequently recommend friends, family and colleagues they trust could become important team associates in their association, which can result to highly experient hires.This electronic gadgets provides a platform for candidates and

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

International credit line - Essay Example4 2.2.1 Presentation of the factors 4 2.2.2 Analysis of the factors 5 3. Conclusion 6 4. Recommendations 7 References 9 Bibliography 9 1. Introduction Globalization is considered as one of the most critical aspects of modern society. The diachronic development of globalization has been often related to the advances of technology. In practice, it appears that several factors have led to the globalization of markets and fruit worldwide. These factors are explored in this study. Emphasis is given on the key characteristics of these factors but also on their electric potential relationship. In addition, the different performance of these factors in regard to the promotion of globalization in different countries is discussed. It has been turn up that there are plastered factors that are closely related to the globalization of markets and production but their persona in the enhancement of the globalization is not similar in countries interna tionally. The different cultural, political and economic characteristics of states seem to be responsible for the above phenomenon. 2. ... The latter form of globalization reflects the development of production standards, such as the ISO quality standards, that are respected internationally but also the potential of firms to establish their production units in foreign countries without facing resistance by the host country (Sobel 2009). 2.2 Which factors most contributing in the globalization of markets and production? 2.2.1 Presentation of the factors In the literature different factors have been found to be involved in the development of globalization, both for markets and for the production process. In regard to the globalization of markets emphasis is given on the succeeding(a) factors the level of unemployment, the restrictions set for the establishment of foreigners, the economic support provided to businesses, the level of tax and the performance of the economy (Prempeh, Men sah and Adjibolosoo 2004). The educational perspectives and the chances for personal and professional development are also factors that can influence the decision of people to propel to another(prenominal) country, an activity that is regarded as part of the globalization of markets (Blossfeld 2008). The globalization of markets is also affected by another fact the number of buyers/ sellers within each market (Prempeh, Mensah and Adjibolosoo 2004). According to Vaidya (2006) the development of markets is affected by certain factors, such as the macroeconomic policies promoted by the government, the legal framework regulating business projects, the level at which a market participates in other financial markets globally and the level at which technology is promoted. As for the globalization of production, reference should be made to the

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

contain analysis - Essay Example78. The movie focuses entirely on the nar hoboion of an incredible and observant soldier Paul Baumer. Paul is fast to portray and reveal the horrors that accompanied the trench wars that included gas attack, rat infestations, and fatal illnesses in the Western front. In addition, the film addresses and works on the goal of exploring the purpose and the articled purpose of the manhood warfare I. In the United States, the film remains as one of the most(prenominal) influential and popular educational tools in the education of concepts and unfolding events during the World War I. However, the films story line is in the perspective of the German that was among Americas enemies during the war. An American journalist by the name Henry Louis Mencken denoted the film as a classical and unquestionably among the best works regarding the World War. Since time immemorial, few films play the striking role of educating and delivering powerful anti-war messages in the American context and the founding as a whole. Lewis Milestones extraordinary evocation in the film describes the tragic follies associated with the wars. some reviews associate the film as the best movie as it displays and portrays innocent and determined German soldiers and their put states in respect to the harrowing immediacy concerning the trench warfare. However, the soldiers fail at the expense of their tools and they fail to pit the equipment of their enemies. In this light, the film displays a philosophical underpinning of the surging wars that leaves the audience in awe both in heart and mind. The youths are in the comfort of their class and in reference to the encouragement of their teacher they occupy for the inclusion in the army (Shmoop, 2010 Pg. 78). It is inconsiderate to think that the result is a good fight to in and this is contrary to the fact that there are no good fights and there is ultimately and always a winner. In addition, victory in most instance s is similar to defeat. In the education of American history, this film serves a definitive role in ensuring that sometimes loyalty and patriotism is the source of death in the array men. In this context, the dialogue in the film in some cases expresses a sense of stagy and stiff as compared to todays standards. Paul watches helplessly as the world slowly crumbles them to their demise amidst all told the madness, inescapable and indispensable loss as well as chaos in the trench wars. He recalls the butterflies he trapped as a young boy and put in glass cases. This thoughtful flashback serves as comparison to the current state he experienced in the trenches as he watched helplessly as their demise beckoning. With this summary, one may wonder why they should care in reference to the unfolding turn of events film affecting Paul and his comrades. The film provides a varied perspective regarding the events that unfolded during the World War in comparison to what the Americans allow. From the film, the audience has the opportunity to hear and process the views of the German soldier that is a well-favoured opponent of the American nation as well the allied forces. This creates a sympathetic attitude towards the enemy and this also induces reflective reasoning with the aim of defining the true

Obstacles Facing Women Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obstacles Facing Women - Coursework ExampleWomen ar their worst enemies and lack financial aid to empower themselves. The novel talks of children living with their parents. The mother in law is a reckoning force in persecuting her fellow women in the house. This reveals many similarities that the women in Asia front with monetary institutions. The women complain of the tough conditions that are put in place to get a add in Asia (Bhagwati, 2004).There are also good fortunes that befell women in Asia, hard work focus and dedications, contribute the women be successive. The young boy that survives in the city and become successful falls in come with a young woman who strongly works her way through to became successive.There is corruption, cartels lack of pecuniary resource and unemployment that face women in Asia. This is told through the young mans interaction with women in the streets. The wrong exercise of globalization and the acquiring of negative is the main catalyst in the hurdles facing women. However, through application there is

Rita and Sue Escaping Constraints of Class and Gender Backgrounds Movie Review

Rita and swear extinct Escaping Constraints of Class and Gender Backgrounds - Movie Review ExampleThe films opening move sequence shows fulfils father swaggering from drunkenness on his way home. Meeting Sue just origin anyy he approaches the house, he questions the girl as to where she was going and admonishes her not to be out all night. Sue tells him to mind his own business and that shell be back when she wants. This first instance immediately shows escapist mien for Sue who disregards male dominance and asserts feminism. The changing nature of work the introduction of new technologies and the subsequent deskilling of traditional male jobs have undermined traditional working-class masculinities. (Rutherford 1988)The next scene is Sue and Rita going to Bobs house to baby-sit. excessively early in the firm, Sue works for a taxi company where she meets Aslam. Again these depict the distaff response to the changing economic and social circumstances of the period. Instead of f emales staying at home and males going out to work, Rita and Sue are escaping the traditional gender expectation that they assume domestic roles. In another scene, Sue derides Aslam. She first insinuates that being Pakki or Asian is beneath her class, and then makes up her mind that since Aslam is a bit hed probably be no different from all other custody, which passes judgment on the growing emasculation of the males of her time.The use of profanity throughout the film is another form of tend. Vulgar address is freely used by males and females alike. For the females, use of such language is gender freedom from previous eras when men silence women. The girls sauciness is also a form of rebellion against conformity, an underclass characteristic which have tends to nix its members from rising above their class.Very prominent in the story and on which the plot revolves is the sexual family race between Bob and Rita and Sue, including the minor details it involves. The entire seri es of sequences portrays escape for the two female bakshish players from their underclass which is characterized by unemployment, work devaluation, welfare dependence, broken families, de-stabilization of the male-breadwinner role, poor education, poverty, criminality and disadvantages in housing. Having fun by just getting a lift or a drive in Bobs car, baby-sitting in a middle-class house expensively decorated and furnished, with nice lawns and open spaces, enjoying a rock video on a comfortable sofa, going to the nightclub, many meetings in not very popular public places, reveling in dancing to Black Lacess Gang Bang without a care in the world, are all forms of escape for Rita and Sue.Contrast Rita and Sues squalid housing against Bobs relatively affluent middle-class home. By simply being in Bobs house, the two girls experience a different world and escape their own. Getting a lift, going for a ride, listening to the radio in Bobs car, all pass time away from the urban decay o f their Bradford Buttershaw Estate. deviation to the nightclub and many other public places, watching Black Lace and dancing to their tune would all not be affordable in the girls current status. But being in a relationship with Bob has provided them many new experiences and opportunities for escaping their realities, albeit temporarily. From what the

Case Study (Forecasting and ERP) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

(Forecasting and ERP) - Case Study ExampleAs taken from the case study, the reason of intermittent demand design is the variation in the node demand because of the internet. Customers are well aware about the arrival in the market of new models of air-conditioners. COOL Air-Cond. is not financially strong enough to bear on a stock of all latest models of the air-conditioners. For measuring the changing customer demands, the Company should approximate the customer requests by the co-efficient of variation of the demand of customers seeking new models. Customer requests for different new models of wide range air-conditioners are the root cause of erratic demand. For this, it is preferable to employ a totally time serial publication approach, which is normally connected to a demand distribution so that stock levels could attain increased percentages of aspire customers.C. For approximating forecast error rates, Bill should use Crostons method, which fulfils the intermittent demand needs. It is a relatively reform way in terms of mean square errors when the average demand interval crosses 1.25 review times. It is sight that forecast perfection in totality is strong to the selection of break-points above 1.25 but very slight to values below 1.25 (Boylan & Syntetos, 2008).D. In such a scenario when forecasts can be regularly intermittent, high or low, in the absence of any early pointer, demand distribution measure can be the about suitable alternative. It is because it can help in setting stock levels for achieving high percentages in accurate forecasting. It is make by making distributional assumptions of demand by classifying demand as ABC. For instance, A and B reaping types could be normally distributed as their demand is forecasted accurately but C product types could be Poisson. In actuality some product types have relatively erratic demand than Poisson, which is scattered. By using the Poisson dispersion index, which is the ratio of

Pfizer- Puffery or Deception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Pfizer- Puffery or Deception - Essay ExampleJarvik as an ambassador for Lipitor. Pharmaceuticals are products that accept a scientific basis. Hence, the purpose of any advertisement pertaining to a drug should focus on educating the physicians and change magnitude their awareness regarding that drug. Its objective should be to convince the targeted physicians about the effectiveness of that drug by extending scientific facts and entropy. In that context, the association of Dr. Jarvik with the ads points towards an attempt by Pfizer to influence the medical practitioners by impressing them with the appeal and stature of Dr. Jarvik. Going by the fact that drugs are products that could have severe impact on the users, usage of emotional appeal in a drug advertisement conveys an unethical and irresponsible attitude on the part of its manufacturers. Drugs are non like cereals or washing machines that could or should rely on celebrity endorsements to increase sales. They are products t hat could baffle or mar the life of a patient. So, the USP of any drug should be reliable and scientific data and not emotional propaganda.For one, Pfizer tried to push the sales of its product by using emotional appeal. Secondly, the home plate Committee on Energy and Commerce has expressed doubts about the reliability of claims pertaining to Lipitor, do by Dr. Jarvik in the ads. So the resulting criticism of Pfizer is valid and justified. To avoid such criticism in the future, Pfizer should make certain that the claims made by its ads are backed by scientific studies and clinical experience of the responsible physicians. Besides, Pfizer should also numerate to it that the personalities endorsing its products in the future ads do have the academic background and practical experience to decide on the effectiveness of the drug under consideration. Also, the claims made by those personalities are true and authentic.Sometimes, there exists a truly thin line between puffery and

Customer Care In Ghanaian Hospitals Dissertation - 2

Customer premeditation In Ghanaian Hospitals - Dissertation ExampleQuantitatively, patients of the hospital were given the questionnaire to respond to. The questionnaire contained questions that bordered on some(prenominal) areas of customer direction services and practices including the environment of the hospitals, the hospital premises, the staff of the hospitals, and the facilities available at the hospitals. Qualitatively, staff and separate stakeholders of the hospitals were engaged in an interview where they gave a professional perspective on the issue of customer care at the university hospitals in Ghana. On a generalized view, the results that were gathered have shown that there is a gamey level of customer satisfaction at the university hospitals in Ghana. This line of the result was agreed by some(prenominal) patients and staff. However, some core areas of customer satisfaction where it was expected that there would be a balance between practice and what is currentl y accepted as best practice were found to be lacking. Example of this has to do with the use of information technology in reaching out to customers and creating a virtual healthcare system. found on the findings, it has been recommended on the need for the university hospitals to ensure that the customer service practice they render become those that forget match current needs of the globalized health sector.It would be noted that for the greater part of the discussion that was performed, the research worker looked at the results that were produced from the questionnaire distributed to patients of the hospital on their views and perspective on customer care practiced within the university hospitals in Ghana. In this section of the discussion, the researcher takes a look at the qualitative results that were produced from staff and other stakeholders of the hospital through an interview that was conducted among these stakeholders.

Critical analysis of ''The National Council for Voluntary Essay

Critical analysis of The National Council for involuntary Organisations (NCVO) - Essay ExampleHis vision has reckon and is felt all over the world. Individuals such as S.P.Grundy could be accredited with the success and the loyalty that he has shown his friend from the commissioning before he died .He told him, Grundy If I am scuppered Im leaving $ 1,000 to do some of the things we talked about. It is from this inheritance that the system has grown to be what it is today. This is a big challenge to more organizations and they should be encouraged to partake in such kinds of acts. This has been the spirit since its inception with many companies have flood tide up as a result.( National Council For Voluntary Organizations) . The organizations which would essentially be regarded as projects of the NCVO include- 1. Citizens Advice Bureaux 2. bestride Concern 3. Charities Aid Foundation, 4. ACRE 5. Community Matters 6. Marriage Guidance Councils 7. SIA 8. Standard Committee of Wome ns Social function 9. Young Hostels Associations 10. Young Farmers Club among many others These ar some of the main projects that through which the NCVO has seen considerable interchange and impact. Most of these movements for instance the Young Farmers Club has gone global to reach continents such as Africa and to be incorporated into the curriculum of these schools. The connection conducts its operations from its head office at Regents Wharf, London. NCVO as began by Edward was to do its operations in the spirit of helping the community. The organization has over 8300 organizations or members on a lower floor(a) its umbrella and makes to be the largest organization in the world to have such following. (National Council For Voluntary Organizations ) In the course of study 2009, the organization celebrated 90 years of serving the world in voluntary and community service. During the celebration, the company indicated that it looks forward to serving the slew for another 90 ye ars. The organization has various numbers of functions. These functions are specifically a reflection of its vision and mission statement. The companys vision is that whereby all people are influenced and in fact driven to make a positive impact in their diverse communities. The organizations mission on the other side is such that it aims at being the voice of the people and to provide support for the people especially the voiceless in their communities. The organization also has certain set that it upholds and considers that for every organization under its umbrella has to observe. These values are Independence , it encourages the independence of all organizations under its umbrella, Innovation, in this the organization believes that its members are creative and it will help and uphold this value, collaboration in the soul that NCVO believes that if these organizations interact and do work as a team , then this will aid in the achievement of the goals, Inclusiveness, the NCVO app reciates that these organizations are diverse and it helps this in the sense that it focuses on including all these aspects in the work of the organization, madness ,the NCVO believes that success of these members is driven by their passion and in so doing it shall uphold ,promote and enhance this value.( National Council for Voluntary Organizations ). Some of the aims of the organizatio

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Media - Essay ExampleThe company had not even finalized the dish out of informing the family since it was only thirty minutes from the accident. Her weighty question was, Has facebook introduced dying in real quantify. During my use of social media, I have always found status updates from friends on facebook that are any announcing the passing on of the friends parents, children, siblings, friends or relatives. I al intimately always wonder the motivation behind sharing such per passwordal information was. The question that always lingers on the mind is what will unitary olfactory sensation when they learn of the demise of their loved is through facebook or twitter? Are social networks making us so inhuman as not to consider the feelings of others? Are we in a race to fall in who breaks news of an event without considering the humane and ethics side of our actions? For the research, I choose to look for respondents who had either describe a death on social media or on e who had learnt of the demise of a loved one from the media. I requested my friends to try to remember if anybody in their connections had ever posted anything close to that. From my friends, I got a list of eleven possible candidates. I then visited these candidates profiles to try and pull up these updates and found that common chord of them had already deleted the posts or unfollowed them. The first consideration I made was the time elapsed since the post was made. This was needed since I did not want my interviewees to be people who were recently bereaved on such a sensitive subject. Next I narrowed down by geographical location since I favourite(a) to do a face to face interview. At the end, I settled on two candidates, one a college student and the other a married man who only gave his age as in the mid thirties For the purposes of this write up, I will only use alliances of Joe and Mary for the man and the college noblewoman respectively. Both candidates had been using fa cebook for upwards of four years and as thus were well versed in uses and limitations. The college student was on a camping trip when one of her friends drowned. Immediately most of her friends went online to announce the possibility with some mentioning the name of the victim in their posts or through the auto name link pop off of facebook. Mary insisted that she was not among the first to post this but on reflection she felt that the only power might have been because she had been too much shocked and had to be taken to the hospital. Asked how it would have been had she been the relative and learnt of the liaison on facebook, she said she would be extremely troubled and actually termed it disgusting. Joe lost his young son after a short illness. Being a Muslim, the young boys body had to be interred the same day. His wife was in shock and all planning was left to Joe. With family to be notified and logistics to be handled, it was all too much for him. Then an idea hit him, why not just it on facebook? He did exactly that, and he says he has no regrets. The post acts as his condolence book and most of his friends and family even those who live in faraway places were able to condole with him. Ilana Gershon uses the term Idioms of practice to describe the spot where people decide communally how to use various media and their appropriateness in certain situations (2010, p.6). This implies that a majority of the users of social

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Accounting - Essay ExampleThere is an additional ingestion of packaging cost of $.9 per bottle and promotional expenditure amounting to $25,000. After taking into consideration all the inf blues hence and deducting the outflows, the intact profit amounts to $518,120.In alternative 3, the approach is quite dynamic of giving a $3 worth of cooler free for every Shiraz bottle. Also, the selling price would be reduced to $12.95. This would increase the gross revenue volume by 40% for 2 months and 7% for the later six months. On the whole, the sales would be 82980 bottles per year. However, as per unit profit is quite low, the profit receivable would also be very low at $136,472.Analysis In the first year, there is a cash outflow of $8000+$18000+$15000 for Gazebo. In the gage year, the payment for reception center of $250,000 has to be paid. The resulting inflows have been recorded accordingly. After estimating the cash flows thus for the decennary years, we need to calculate the two normal methods of project evaluation, namely NPVand IRR.The IRR is sired at by matching the total outflows and inflows to a particular rate of return. By trial and error basis, we understand that the interest rate is mingled with 9 and 10%. By interpolation, we arrive at the 9.51% rate of interest.Analysis In the current situation, Chenin and afters Wine are quite profitable with $9 and $10 contribution per unit respectively. Here, the point to be noted is that the contribution per unit for Dessert Wine is more than that of Chenin. After deducting the fixed expenses from contribution of sales, we arrive at profit figures of $30,400 and $33,600.In the May offer, even though, the volume is more, the total profit earned is less(prenominal) in the case of Chenin because of its low contribution per unit. Hence, the company should not look into the proposal of halting sweet wine bottles by 600 and taking up 800 bottles order for

The Oil Politics Essay Example for Free

The Oil Politics EssayThe controversy over vegetable anoint has been raging for sort of a firearm. It has played into the international politics and the politics of terrorist act. The fondness East is the most volatile force field of the world at present. Israel is viewed as a satellite of the united States located in the Arab world to fabricate the superpowers interests in the domain. Incidentally the Middle East is a region endowed with crude rock crude, a precious commodity sought after by every government. The main occupation and extraneous exchange earner for these countries is thus petroleum color and petroleum point of intersections with which they use as a bargaining chip in the global argonna. The period fluctuation in the price of petroleum around the world is a cause of worry. Some analysts ar takeing blame on the oil producing countries claiming they kick in deliberately raised the oil prices. On their side, the countries have refuted the allegati ons instead blaming the rise to private entrepreneurs who hoard the commodity with the hope that prices would increase even further. Apart from the Middle East, North Africa has got to a fault oil deposits. Coincidentally the region is also dominated by Arabs, who have organize grouping the organization of petroleum exporting countries OPEC.As importers complain of the rising oil prices, oil exporters watch the scotch boom as a result of the rise in prices. Their gross domestic product increases and the general standards of living appreciate. As usual with the developed world to get their hands into any prospect presenting itself, the oil persistence is attracting foreign companies into Africa to help in the exploration of oil. New exploration sites be notice in the vast unstained of Africa, especially in the north. The bedeviled state of Mauritania is so far the latest verdant in Africa to join the league of oil exporters after explorations proved positive results.Since Exploration costs atomic number 18 damn expensive but this is not a hindrance to the exercise Africa is witnessing the largest investment in the upright ever, in the oil exploration field. Since the division 1990 to a greater extent than US $20 billion has been spend on explorations around the absolute and a further $50 billion is expected to have been spent by the end of the decade. Dominating the oil industry are three international companies, shell, Total and Chevron. Shell is a British Dutch consortium which invested 15% of its global exploration and production budget in the continent of Africa.France-based Total and the States-based Chevron has invested 30% and 35% respectively in the industry in Africa. The the Statesn oil company has planned for unite States$20 billion to be invested in Africa for a five year period. The gulf of Guinea is the most appropriate part of Africa at the moment attracting the different exploration companies. It is an knowledge base with deep waters. This nation found in the double-uern Coast of Africa just at the armpit is surmise to be having large deposits of the precious commodity. Some oil has already been discovered within the coverage area of the Gulf but more is still to be discovered as exploration progresses.Other sub-Saharan countries endowed with oil albeit smaller in quantities are southern Sudan and Southern Chad both under tackle desert conditions. They have been producing oil and exporting in small quantities. The explorations are however taking purport to find out if more target be tapped. The East Africa margin covering Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania are among targets of explorers for oil. The United States is warming up to reap from the harvest of oil and petroleum products from Africa. The ground has been watching Africa from a unlike making its calculations on how to have the continents oil.Discoveries in Africa increased making headlines in the last decade. The United States predicted an increa se of its oil root wordd from Africa by 10% from 16% to 25% by the 2015 the year when the United Nations millennium organic evolution Goals are expected to have been achieved. In a report released in December of 2000 the United States depicted object Intelligence Council predicted sub-Saharan Africas raise to prominence in the global energy markets. The council is a advisor for the central Intelligence Agency. If the predications come true, then the continent would be ahead of Saudi Arabia in scathe of oil export to the United States.In close relation to this, the United States Vice President son of a bitch Cheney formed a taskforce to compile a strategic report on oil. The report finalized by stating that westerly Africa will soon be among the fastest growing sources in the world in production of oil and gas for the United States (Basedau) As stated earlier, the United States receives around 16% of its oil from Africa a go out is expected to increase to 25% in 2015. at the c urrent consumption rate the United States feels at that place is due need to increase oil energy inputs.This, the National Security strategy notes will be achieved by the United States strengthening its ties with the continent. In an effort for the United States achieving its dream it plans to invest in democracy crusades to strengthen the semi governmental systems in prospective source countries of oil. This is time as somewhat of the target areas are marred by violence a situation that may make it difficult for exploration and conveyance of oil. Examples in this case are Nigeria, a country rocked by a rebellion in the Niger Delta where oil is mined. The rebellion is led by people complaining of unfairness in the way resources are distributed.Chad is also facing the same problem with so many attempted coups, necessitating intervention by France to bring run and due process. Southern Sudan is equally bedeviled by the political instability problems. Of late, the Southern Sudan ese leader Omar Hassan El Bashir has been recommended for arrest by the international criminal court prosecutor Moreno Ocampo for committing acts of genocide among other crimes against adult maleity. The fact that oil is in Southern Sudan a section that is call foring its independence from the mainland is a sign of worse times to come.This explains why the United States is busy pushing for a democratic regime in the region. On the 17th of may 2001 President Bush remarked on the importance of diversifying the source of energy use. He mentioned that overdependence on one source may result into a rude shock subjecting the United States to blackmail, supply interruptions and price shocks. The alternative operational then remains to search for other sources west cost of Africa cosmos in the list. Other areas are Latin America and the Caspian Sea basin (Klare, 2004).In Africa therefore, United States is planning for Nigeria, Angola and the states within the Gulf of Guinea. further t he greatest hindrance for the United States would be as mentioned earlier, the political and ethnic tensions in the oil producing countries. The Delta region in Nigeria had the United States and other explores sent packing in 2003 due to the ethnic animosities and demands for more residential district project funding. The site produces much of onshore oil in Nigeria. The demands of these groups brought about massive vandalism of oil exploration sites causing a downsizing of Nigerias oil production instead of increasing.In its commitment to tap oil from Africa, the United States has therefore opted to give military assistance to friendly regimes to help them compete the menace of the cartels and arm groups blackmailing the government. Nigeria and Angola received United States assistance totaling to three hundred meg American dollars from 2002 to 2004. The surfeit Defense Articles program of the Pentagon also advanced eligibility to the two countries to receive surplus arms for th e same reason. The United States has also been considering establishing naval bases especially in Nigeria and the Sao, Tome and Principe Islands.Currently the United States is supplied with oil from various countries with the highest supplier being Canada. Mexico and Saudi Arabia follow in the list in that narrate with Venezuela and the African country of Nigeria closing the heyday five list. Five to eight percent of 20 million barrels total United States demand per day is what each of these countries supply to the United States. An analysis of the 2005 oil supply to the United States puts Latin America highest at 34% of the total imports to the United States. The Middle East comes second supplying 24% while Africa supplied 19%.Canada stood at 16% and lastly Europe and Asia exported seven percent to the United States (Kern 2006). Africas oil is advantageous for its lack of sulphur thus making it preferable for stringent refined product requirements. It gives it a growing share in the market for refining centers in the United States. It is estimated that the Economic Community of westerly African States, ECOWAS, holds 3% of the total oil reserves globally. This is to the environs of 40 billion barrels, in the West African region alone (Kern 2006). The figures provided are conservative as the total estimates proven or other may be more by four percent- that is 7%.West Africa countries the Bush Administration is targeting include- and the order remains arbitrary- Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Chad, Nigeria, Gabon and Congo. The fifth largest supplier of oil to the United States, Nigeria is the largest producer in Africa with a quotidian pumping of 2 million barrels. The figures also represent the quantity produced per day by Iraq before it was unilaterally invaded by the United States in March 2003. Being a member of the international cartel- the Organization of Petroleum exportation Countries- Nigeria has to go by the policies and standards set by this groupin g.They include specifying production to a certain level subject to the world market conditions. Due to a weak political system, Nigeria, with a population in excess of 130 million people is wallowing in the miasma of corruption and bad governance. Its annual per capita income reduce substantially from US $1000 to a mere $390 in 2006 with most of the proceeds from oil conclusion its way into individuals pockets. The continents most populous nation earned more than US $300 in 25 years to 2006 but the revenue was shared among the bourgeoisie and the political elite.Only 1% of the population benefit effectively from 80% of the oil proceeds according to the serviceman Bank (Kern 2006). In its recommendation, a 2005 report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies pointed out that America should prioritize explicitly the security and governance issue in the Gulf of Guinea in its foreign policy towards the continent. Titled A Strategic US Approach to Governance and Security in the Gulf of Guinea the report called for a promulgation of a robust and comprehensive policy for the West African region (Kerk 2006).As a matter of strategy the United States is considering softer military interventions in the continent. Through the Pentagons Trans-Saharan Counter-Terrorism Initiative, the United States provides military training to some nine African countries on ways of dealing with terrorism and on how to effect regional security. The US is further planning on establishing military bases in some African countries bordering the ocean for strategic reasons. Nigeria The damning story is the bloodshed and the hostage taking in Nigeria in Ogoniland.Hostage taking of foreigners is a way of life with the perpetrators demanding for resource control and access to oil money. The continent in general is a hotspot for oil, as east Africa is just about becoming the future(a) oil boom for the continent, after the successful explorations in the west. In the East however, Ch ina would be the donee due to proximity, the reason why it has its explorers in Kenya and Sudan. Nigeria is a strategic partner for the west. As the anchor for British and American foreign policies in Africa, the country has developed warm relations with the west.It is the most populous country in Africa with one out of every six Africans being a Nigerian (Ghazrinian 2007). The country has a large experienced army participating in peace-keeping missions around the world. The oil in Africa has not been used to its optimum potential. It is a bad news in some countries bringing on to the continent placeholder wars of the west. China for instance gets 30% of its oil from Africa (Ghazvinian 2007). Of this 10% is from the Sudan where the Asian country has been accused of supplying ammunitions to the Sudanese Government, the ammunitions which are used to terrorize the people of Darfur in southern Sudan.The positive side of the Chinese is however, the human resource base they help build in Africa. They have participated in the victimisation of infrastructure in Africa, as is the Angolan case where they jetted in for construction of railway line and tarmac roads with borderline conditions. Getting to the central African country of Chad, a country marred by violence and political instability. The country is in the Sahel region, twice the size of France with a 400 km-long paved road. It is among the poorest countries on earth, with the national air passage having only one airplane.Ironically, the country lacks any gas station stock-still it produces the commodity. Its people are languishing in hell yet the country exports crude oil through Cameroon to Europe and America. The oil is traded through ExxonMobil Company. expense mentioning also is the fact that some of these oil producing countries have the largest gaps between the poor and rich. In fact they are gulfs, not even gaps. The rich continue flourishing out of oil proceeds with the lower prison cell of asso ciation languishing in abject poverty, malnutrition, diseases and low education, and living on less than a US$ a dayThis then encourages prostitution as the effluent individual use the poor fellows as invoke objects thus contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS among other infections venereal diseases (Ghazvinian 2007). The oil factor is a cause of anarchy in most African countries. Democratic reforms are poised to increase with the minify of oil revenues, as taxes would take up the position currently received for oil revenue. The regime has been neglecting the tax-paying mettle class, concentrating instead on oil revenue thus neglecting social reforms. The case in Gabon is a sanely example.It is only when world oil prices fell and prospects for a decline in Gabonese oil realise that the Omar Bongo regime considered the economic reforms by the Breton Woods institutions aimed at democratization. The opposition gained a voice in governmental affairs as was a rise in civil society g roups. He had to limit state allocations in 1986 after facing a rear break in the oil industry (Basedau). The presence of petrol-dollars retards peoples thinking on alternative income. Banana project, for instance, has been neglected yet it can earn handsomely to the nation and entrepreneurs in particular.Now they have left unpicked bananas as they import goodies from abroad. Sao Tome and Principe is yet another tiny African Island rocked in political instability but rich in oil resources yet to be exploited. It is facing a dilemma over how to share billions of barrels of oil reserves, offshore its territory. Anticipated are hostilities from its neighbors including the popular Nigeria. As tiny as it is, the country is so different from Africa from its politics, society and culture. It is more European with little if any traces of African lifestyle (Ghazvinian 2007).In a 2003 speech in Washington USA, Sao, Tome and Principe President Fradique de Menez reiterated his hope and commitm ent that his Island would not drown into civil war, ethnic hatred and economic regression, because of oil. Oil is instead supposed to bring more development and economic satisfaction to the population (Ghazvinian). The country is however miserably poor with only high school but without any university. Half of the jacket city is occupied by government officer. The national budget sums to a meager $50 million financed majorly from agriculture and fishing.Agricultural produce are coffee and cacao, putting the island in the list of the major recipients of postulate aid relative to GDP as 35million is received annually in the form of international development aid. The country is not strange to armed coups. It is among the African countries who political cultures are informed by armed coups. Between 1991 and 2007, the island experienced fourteen changes of guard, with more uncertainties expected in case oil would be discovered. Nigeria is on record as having help crush an armed rebelli on in Sao Tome in 2003,a clean reference of its involvement in the tiny African state.

Factors That Influence Exchange Rates Essay Example for Free

Factors That Influence change Rates EssayAside from factors much(prenominal) as entertain judge and inflation, the transform commit is one of the to the highest degree important determinatives of a countrys relative level of economic health. Exchange values play a vital role in a countrys level of backup, which is critical to most every free market saving in the world. For this reason, convince rates argon among the most watched, examine and government onlyy manipulated economic measures. But trade rates matter on a smaller crustal plate as well they impact the real return of an investors portfolio. Here we look at slightly of the major(ip) forces behind exchange rate movements. A higher funds makes a countrys exports more expensive and imports cheaper in orthogonal markets a lower currency makes a countrys exports cheaper and its imports more expensive in foreign markets. A higher exchange rate can be expected to lower the countrys balance of trade, while a lo wer exchange rate would increase it.Determinants of Exchange RatesNumerous factors determine exchange rates, and all are cogitate to the trading relationship surrounded by two countries. Remember, exchange rates are relative, and are expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries. The following are some of the principal determinants of the exchange rate between two countries. Note that these factors are in no particular order the like many aspects of economics, the relative importance of these factors is subject to much debate. 1. Differentials in Inflation-As a general rule, a country with a consistently lower inflation rate exhibits a move up currency value, as its purchasing power increases relative to other currencies. During the last half of the twentieth century, the countries with low inflation include Japan, Germany and Switzerland, while the U.S. and Canada achieved low inflation only later. Those countries with higher inflation typically see depreciation in their currency in relation to the currencies of their trading partners. This is also usually accompanied by higher sake rates.2. Differentials in Interest Rates-Interest rates, inflation and exchange rates are all highly correlated. By manipulating delight rates, central banks exert influence over both inflation and exchange rates, and changing interest rates impact inflation and currency values. Higher interest rates offer lenders in an economy a higher return relative to other countries. Therefore, higher interest rates attract foreign capital and cause the exchange rate to rise. The impact of higher interest rates is mitigated, however, if inflation in the country is much higher than in others, or if additional factors serve to drive the currency down. The other relationship exists for decreasing interest rates that is, lower interest rates tend to decrease exchange rates.3. Current-Account Deficits-The current account is the balance of trade between a country and its tradi ng partners, reflecting all payments between countries for goods, services, interest and dividends. A deficit in the current account shows the country is spending more on foreign trade than it is earning, and that it is borrowing capital from foreign sources to make up the deficit. In other words, the country requires more foreign currency than it receives through sales of exports, and it supplies more of its own currency than foreigners demand for its products. The glut demand for foreign currency lowers the countrys exchange rate until domestic goods and services are cheap lavish for foreigners, and foreign assets are too expensive to generate sales for domestic interests.4. Public Debt-Countries will take on in large-scale deficit financing to pay for public sector projects and governmental funding. While such activity stimulates the domestic economy, nations with large public deficits and debts are less attractive to foreign investors. The reason? A large debt encourages infl ation, and if inflation is high, the debt will be serviced and ultimately paid off with cheaper real dollars in the future. In the worst case scenario, a government may print money to pay part of a large debt, but increasing the money supply inevitably causes inflation. Moreover, if a government is not capable to service its deficit through domestic means (selling domestic bonds, increasing the money supply), then it must increase the supply of securities for sale to foreigners, thereby lowering their prices. Finally, a large debt may prove worrying to foreigners if they believe the country risks defaulting on its obligations.Foreigners will be less willing to own securities denominated in that currency if the risk of default is great. For this reason, the countrys debt rating (as determined by Moodys or Standard Poors, for example) is a crucial determinant of its exchange rate. 5. Terms of Trade-A ratio comparing export prices to import prices, the terms of trade is related to c urrent accounts and the balance of payments. If the price of a countrys exports rises by a greater rate than that of its imports, its terms of trade have favorably improved. Increasing terms of trade shows greater demand for the countrys exports. This, in turn, results in rising revenues from exports, which provides increased demand for the countrys currency (and an increase in the currencys value). If the price of exports rises by a smaller rate than that of its imports, the currencys value will decrease in relation to its trading partners.6. Political Stability and Economic mathematical process-Foreign investors inevitably seek out stable countries with strong economic performance in which to invest their capital. A country with such positive attributes will draw investment funds away from other countries perceived to have more political and economic risk. Political turmoil, for example, can cause a loss of office in a currency and a movement of capital to the currencies of more stable countries.ConclusionThe exchange rate of the currency in which a portfolio holds the bulk of its investments determines that portfolios real return. A declining exchange rate seemingly decreases the purchasing power of income and capital gains derived from any returns. Moreover, the exchange rate influences other income factors such as interest rates, inflation and even capital gains from domestic securities. While exchange rates are determined by numerous complex factors that often leave even the most experienced economists flummoxed, investors should still have some understanding of how currency values and exchange rates play an important role in the rate of return on their investments.

Proofs for God’s Existence Essay Example for Free

Proofs for divinity fudges earth Essay paragons hold outence can be proven in a troops of ways. However, several introductory caveats atomic number 18 in order. First, by paragon, we mean the traditional Christian concept of an right on and wise creator. Second, the project of proving any function is logic or science is nearly impossible. Even the best laid crystalline plans and the most iron clad telephone lines can be torn to pieces by a skilled logician. much(prenominal) a state does non invalidate the validations in question, just merely that the language of the discipline is such(prenominal)(prenominal) that any logical design can be manipulated and refuted by oneness who ardently desires it be refuted. What is cosmos dealt with here is that faith in the God of the Christians is non an irrational, blind faith, still one that is eminently levelheaded and defensible on metaphysical, logical and scientific grounds. 1. The proof of Aristotle, used by doubting T homas Aquinas later, is the hylomorphic proof and is very important to medieval thoughts about God and the character of his earth. The theory centers around the distinction in the midst of first, form and upshot which, second, corresponds to action and passion, or act and potency.The form of an disapprove is it in act, or growing towards its natural telos, or end. The matter is passive, that which has non being, that which still conducts to be developed. whole the nature of reality is such that as one rises in knowledge, the form dominates over the matter. Mathematics, for example, is almost purely form, with only a lilliputian amount of sensible stuff. besides what is the origin of such things? Only the existence of pure form, and indeed, pure act, that is, God.God is pure act, pure perfection with no more need for development. It is the form of Forms that renders unchanging knowledge possible. The matter in spite of appearance its formal shell is non nly passive, bu t accidental, in that it is only the generator of sensations, colors, etc. But such things cannot exist without a substratum (there is no red, without it being a red something), and hence, form is the object of knowledge, not the matter, or the accident of the object. But knowledge only sees form, never matter.Matter might commit form in the guise of a sensate object, but logical and mathematics does not doing this way, these be separated from matter. Hence, the more universal the knowledge, the less matter. Hence, the ultimately form of knowledge is Pure form, hence God (Owens, 1980 20-25). 2. Similarly, the proof of St. Augustine from the point of view of unchanging truth. Any such unchanging truth must have a excite. The truths of mathematics or logic never spay regardless of epoch or place, and hence, there must be an entity in existence who could have brought such a world into being.such(prenominal) an entity must never change or alter its being in any way, and hence, mu st be perfect (the only need for change is to improve, if no need for change, then there is no need for improvement). Therefore, God exists (Augustine, 1996 19). 3. In terms of scientific proof, there is the entire question of natural law. The world is held in concert by a series of laws that never seem to change. They are regular and can be seen throughout nature, from its macro to its micro level.The sensate part of nature, logically, is anterior to the laws that allow it to exist. Hence, the laws of nature had to have come first, and are the form within which the sensate part of nature functions. Hence, an entity must exist that is capable of creating natural laws within which all created being can function in a regular and logical manner. Only God can be the cause of such things (Copleston, . 2006, 518). 4. The Russian philosopher Vladimir Solovyev uses the critique of nominalism to prove the existence of God in his Lectures on Godmanhood.First, the idea of empiricism is faulty since no real individuals exist (only God has this quality, but this is displace the cart before the horse). The objects seen in daily experience are themselves not particulars, but universals, ultimately reducible to pulses of energy. Force is the ultimate reality of being in terms of metaphysics. Hence, the empirical approach to the world is arbitrary, since the particulars we persuade for granted are in fact huge and complex collections of force and energy that appear to the senses as colors, sounds, textures, etc.Hence, energy is the source of being, and hence, retain the ontological status as universals. But this can not be sufficient, since the universal nature of forces must be accounted for. And this accounting can only be an entity powerful enough to have first created these forces that ultimately would register in human senses as objects, seemingly lusty and singular, but in truth, complex and made up of universals (and in fact, representing universals in themselves).Bu t this ultimately ghostlike reality must have an equally spiritual cause, that is God. In other words, as the empirical qualities of objects exist only in the mind, the ultimate reality of the world is to be found in universals, and hence, the world of spirit. But all spiritual objects must have a cause that is equally creative and powerful (Solovyev, 1948 60-63). 5. de de Spinozas concept of God is slightly different from the Christian view, but not entirely dissimilar.Spinoza argues for a single entity, Substance, that is the ultimate fundament for all sensate objects. Substance is God, the ultimate alkali (avoiding the word cause here) for all change and movement. Logically, there is only one ultimate Substance since there is no real reason for positing and more than one entity that, itself, can survive all change, but is not obtainable to the senses. Spinozas Substance is not something that can be apprehended by senses, but only by the mind, and hence, is a spiritual being. While many writers have broken their backs trying to hold that nature is God for Spinoza, there is no reason to hold this God is what is behind nature and is the ultimate basis for all being. Spinoza is not a pantheist, as nearly all commentators hold. Spinoza held that all change needs a basis, something that does not change. That which we see as changing is the modes of existence, the sensate objects in space and time (or mind and body). All of these sensate things can be reduced to that which is extended and that which is mental, ultimately one thing seen from two different points of view.But these two are merely two available modes for human scholarship of an infinite object that never changes, but is at the root of change, its basis, and that is Substance, or God, an infinite being who lies at the root of all change and the laws that govern change. It itself, does not change, but contains infinite attributes that only appear incompletely to human beings under two attributes on ly. Spinoza does not hold that there needs to be a cause of all things, but he does hold that there needs to be a basis of all things, that this is God (Della Rocca, 2008, 42-48)6. The last proof or vision of God is to be found in Apostolos Makrakis, the little kn possess 19th century Greek metaphysician. He was a Christian rationalist who held that Descartes butchered his own method. Makrakis holds that one can begin with Descartes ontological doubt. But the conclusion to this doubt, cogito ergo sum, is an arbitrary end point. When I engage in methodological doubt, I come up with several conclusions first, the doubter exists, second, that the doubter is not the cause of his own existence, and third, that God exists needfully.All of this derives from the single act of cognition it is the true unpacking of the cogito. Since if the cogito is true, than the other propositions are equally true at the same time, known intuitively. Since the cogito is not self-created, then the outside wo rld and God must exist necessarily in the same act of cognition as the original cogito. If one must strip away the outside world in order to reach the cogito, than the outside world is real, since in removing it, one reaches the truth of existence. The outside world cannot be a phantom then, if the doubter is not self-created.Something needed to have created and sustained the doubter, and this is as certain as the cogito itself. But since that outside world itself is not self-created (in other words, that the outside world does not know itself through itself, but through another), than God necessarily exists, and again, as true as the cogito itself. Hence, the cogito really says I exist, the outside world exists, God exists, all at the same time all in the same act of cognition since the cogito itself implies it (Makrakis, 1956, 42-43).Again, none of these proofs are final, but the same can be said for all logic and science. But these do who that reason assents to the existence of G od as infinite and all powerful. Spinozas approach is the most interesting, since it is compatible with mechanical science, but holds that such science necessarily needs a basis for action, and this is Substance. The argument 3 to a higher place is also very difficult to refute, since one cannot hold to an ordered universe without holding to natural law, and if that, than the cause of natural law itself.If that is denied, then one is in the unenviable position of trying to argue that the material objects of nature can and did exist without a law to govern their actions. Hence, evolution is impossible. Natural laws (and a lawgiver) had to be before the actual sensate part of creation. But this, in an odd way, is very similar to the argument of Spinoza. It seems that science itself cannot function without recognizing natural law and its a priori existence with respect to the objects of science themselves.BibliographyOwens, Joseph (1980) Thomas Aquinas on the Existence of God. SUNY P ress Augustine (1996) On The Free Choice of the Will Readings in gothic Philosophy. Ed. Andrew Schoedinger. Oxford. 3-24 Copleston, Frederick (2006) History of Philosophy Medieval Philosophy. Continuum International. Solovyev, Vladimir (1948) Lectures on Godmanhood. Lindisfarne Press (this is sometimes called Lectures on Divine Humanity) Della Rocca, Michael (2008) Spinoza. Taylor and Francis Makrakis, Apostolos (1956) The Tree of Life. in Foundations of Philosophy. Chicago, OCES. 1-104

Study of emotion Essay Example for Free

Study of emotion EssayThe results of prelate studies soak up developed in the scientific community a common belief that the amygdala plays a rally role in mediating emotions, the anxious temperament and fearful receipts. From this generalization, it can be further inferred that a richly intact amygdala, with all others that constitute the brain anatomy in a normal condition, could effect a normal reaction in primates upon exposure to a stimulus (i. e. hostility defensive attitude threat fear). On the other hand, a lesi nonpareild amygdala can result in abnormal or even totally lack of reaction upon exposure to stimulus. In an article by Kalin, et. al. , (2001), the exposure of lesioned monkeys to foreign threats such as snake and an unknown hostile male resulted to blunted fear responses. This confirms the hypothesis on the role of the amygdala in mediating emotional responses. In mediating fear, information first reaches the eye which will accordingly travel to the thala mus and to the amygdala. The result is a quick registration of any perceived danger to effect a quick response. This is the head subcortical pathway.In the cortical pathway, information passes to the visual cortex first beforehand passing to the amygdala, allowing for conscious consideration of the danger involved after the initial rapid response. Rapid response is make possible by the innervation of the adrenal glands by the sympathetic axons to produce hormones such as adrenalin, noradrenalin or cortisol which hill hasten blood flow (Peacock, 2005). The registration of danger, and thus, fear is slowed or made impossible by the damage in the amygdala in lesioned monkeys.Still, a nonher part of this article shows that lesioned and unlesioned monkeys showed no differences in emotional processing when exposed to a human intruder. This repulsion poses a challenge on the notion about the role of the amygdala in mediating behaviors and emotional responses. One possible reason for this inconsistency is that the monkeys have been exposed to human since childhoold (Kalin, et. al. , 2001).In the expression of emotions and behaviors associated with retained memories, a functional amygdala is not necessary (McGaugh, et.al. , 1996) because while the amygdala is necessary in mediating fear, other structures have a more direct function in mediating long-term nonspecific anxiety responses (Davis, et. al. , 1997)These include the bed nucleus in the stripe terminalis and the orbitofrontal cortex which may not have been damaged during the exposure. With the orbitorfrontal cortex mediating anxious temperaments based on appraised consequences, input signal from the amygdala becomes uncritical (Kalin, et. al. , 2001).The amygdala, after all, is involved only in the processing of new and ambigious threatening situations (Whalen, 1998) which may not characterize their exposure to the humans. Physiological psychology gives light to a perspective that is almost all in all removed from explanations arising from social biases. The subjectivity of social sciences allows more leeway for as many numbers of interpretations as there are interpreters and gives rise to more confusion rather than understanding.A more objective get along allows an in-depth, more scientific, more uniform appreciation of emotion. That is, even without access to a persons historic background or experiences, one can predict anyones actions by mere examination of ones anatomy and physiology. Works Cited Davis M, Walker DL, Lee Y (1997) Amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis differential roles in fear and anxiety measured with the acoustic startle reflex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci . 3521675-1687 Kalin NH, Shelton SE, et. al. (2001).The primate amygdala mediates acute fear but not the behavioral and physiological components of anxious temperament. J Neuroscience. 21(6)2067-2074 McGaugh JL, Cahill L, Roozendaal B (1996) Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage intera ctions with other brain systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci . 9313508-13514 Peacock, S. (2005).Behavior, Physiology and Fear. Mind. Retrieved 05 May 2008 from http//mind. in/node/195. Whalen PJ (1998) Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 7177-188.

The importance of the Viet Cong in the Communist victory in the Second Indochina War Essay Example for Free

The immenseness of the Viet Cong in the communist victory in the hour Indochina War EssayAssess the magnificence of the Viet Cong in the Communist victory in the second base Indochina War.The Second Indochina War, which was waged throughout 1964-75, was an undefined success for the Communist ca hold. Whilst this aftermath was derived from a combination of both intrinsic and global factors, due credit must be given to the extremely vital role that the Viet Cong successfully executed.Whilst the Viet Cong may have resembled a driving and competent combat force, the foundation of their infamous reputation was primarily found upon their use of guerilla warfare evasive action. These play, unlike conventional warfare, involved a combination of unpredictable and regular(a) primitive military strategies which is reflected in the maxim When the enemy advances, withdraw when he defends, harass when he withdraws, pursue.1 such tactics enabled Communist forces of the NLF to be come an elusive and deadly arch-rival. To further enhance their military capabilities, Communist forces excavated a vast network of underground tunnels which were reinforced with concrete, in an effort to survive artillery bombardment as thoroughly as air strikes sanctivirtuosod under operations Barrel Roll as well as Rolling Thunder.As seen in Source 1 the Viet Cong also implemented various locoweed trap systems using punji stakes, mines and deep pits in an effort to maim and potentially kill US and ARVN forces. These tactics were extremely successful for they not only accounted for 73% of total US casualties and 11% of combat deaths2 that they also denied the victims of such acts any targets to shoot at, for the VC usually deserted the area. What enhanced the success of such tactics was that when these maimed soldiers returned home, they took with them a demoralizing message of the atrocities occurring in Vietnam. The psychological victory of the TET offensive, January 1968, al so highlighted the strategic importance of the Viet Cong.The battle, which lasted all of a few days, involved a major(ip) deployment of VC and other Communist forces against 36 major towns within South Vietnam. The offensive concluded with the VC symbolically siegeing the US embassy in Saigon in a turn ploy to both humiliate and expose the USs inability to quell the spread of Communism. despite the fact that the VC were crippled after the al nearly suicidal battle, the event represented a major good turn point in the Vietnamese dispute. As a result, the following night international broadcasts were made which denotative the flawed nature of LBJs foreign policy. Consequently the guerrilla tactics implemented by the Viet Nam Cong San were vital to the success of the Communist regime for they gradually wore US and ARVN forces down in a war of corrasion and psychological victories.Another contributing factor to the Communist victory was their ability to engage in a total war of at trition. This concept of total war, which was described by General Ludendorff in 1935, involves the utter(a) mobilization of all resources, including policy and social systems, to the winning of war.3 The Viet Cong fulfilled this concept for not only did they devote their material possessions, but more importantly their lives. Whilst the VC were obviously devoted to the cause, unfortunately this was not a constant policy throughout all Communist units, for many individuals had personal agendas to fulfill, often involving the black-market.The well known develop Soldiers by night, farmers by day4 epitomized the Communist peoples whole hearted commitment to the cause. This contrast in roles was a valuable tool for it ensured that the home front remained productive, whilst also enabling the Viet Cong to dissolve back into bon ton after combat, so as to fight another day. What furthered the importance of the Viet Congs total war outline was that allied soldiers would often extermina te whole villages in retribution for fallen comrades, often killing unarmed civilians. Evidence of this can be seen in My Lai massacre of 1968, in which 450 women and children were executed for harboring VC forces.Source 2, a quotation by Robert McNamara, accurately summarizes the repercussions of such a successful Communist strategy stating, The picture of the worlds greatest superpower killing 1,000 non-combatants a week, while trying to pound a tiny cacuminal nation into submission is not a pretty one.5 In comparison to the committed nature of the Communist forces it appears that the join States fought a limited war which was justified by Lyndon Johnson in 1965 for Vietnam was only a junior-grade piss-ant country.6 foreign the VC who were quoted to take on tanks, if necessary, with bows and arrows7 the US were always too concerned over the repercussions of their actions rather than having a committed aim to quell the ongoing conflict. Throughout the conflict it is obvious t hat US Foreign polity was always fighting with one hand behind its back8 due to LBJs attempts to maintain his guns and cover approach which involved balancing civil works as well as prolonging the Communist conflict. The United States incapacity to end the conflict was further highlighted by their fear of provoking Soviet or Chinese involvement. On many occasions, US forces had the ability to severely cripple the Communist campaign, but yet their incompetence always seemed to get the better of them which is why they never got the bloody job done.The Viet Nam Cong San ability to seduce the paddy wagon and minds of the Vietnamese home front was a vital stepping stone to the Communist victory. As a result of the intimate contact that NLF forces had with villagers throughout the conflict, an almost unbreakable bond was formed. Unlike the Allies who attempted to inform and relocate villagers through the use of strategic ham tolerate programs, as well as the NVA who were renowned for the use of shock tactics, the VC successfully offered support and protection in a passive manner. Consequently the VCs blood with villagers was extremely valuable for it often resulted in the donation of intelligence, concealment and in some cases converted soldiers. The importance of this relationship is highlighted in the quote By 1967 US personnel couldnt breathe without the NLF actively knowing.9In comparison, the United States public was rife with division over the Vietnamese conflict. This division in America undefendable the US politicians inability to even win the police wagon and minds of its own people let alone a competing nation. An extract of Source 3, War is not simply a conflict amongst armies more and more it is a struggle between competing social systems10 highlights the United States need for civil unity. and the anti-war movements, highlighted by the Kent State University killings as well as the ongoing debate between the doves and the hawks, did not permit the stable and devout home front that was required to achieve victory.The final, and in a sense the most crucial, factor highlighting the importance of the Viet Cong was their strict observance to a program of logical and decisive aims. Unlike the Americans, who it seemed only aimed to prolong the life of a corrupt and inefficient political system11 the NLF, of which the VC are a member, had a clear program of ambitions. Source 4 is a reliable document which illustrates such goals, the offshoot and foremost being to Overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists and the dictatorial power of nongovernmental organization Dinh Diem.12 Consequently the Viet Congs progressive strategies were extremely important for they not only dictated the path the conflict would take, but also when and by what means they should engage in combat. In comparison to the VCs found goals, an American author, William Broyles Jr, stated that There was no single goal in Vietnam there were 2.8 million goals, one for every American who served there the end one being to get out of Vietnam13In hindsight, the dynamic role that the Viet Cong played throughout the Vietnamese conflict was vital to the Communist victory. Whilst the Viet Cong did match the large subdue fighting of the NVA, its effective use of guerrilla warfare substantially crippled both the moral and fighting capabilities of the US and ARVN. Their selfless dedication to a state of total war and their capacity to win the hearts and minds of the people essentially laid the foundations upon which Communist forces were able to launch a successful final campaign. Finally, their unassailable devotion to the Communist cause arguably provided the defining blow to the foreign imperialists phone line of South Vietnam.________________1 The Vietnam Experience FIGHTING FOR TIME2 VIETNAM THE VALOUR AND THE SORROW3 http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/4 ATLAS OF CONFLICTS THE VIETNAM warfare5 ATLAS OF CONFLICTS THE VIETNAM fight6 CONFLICT IN INDOCHINA 1954-19797 Contested Spaces CONFLICT IN INDOCHINA8 VIETNAM THE VALOUR AND THE SORROW9 VIETNAM THE VALOUR AND THE SORROW10 THE duration OF WAR The United States Confronts the World11 VIETNAM THE VALOUR AND THE SORROW12 Contested Spaces CONFLICT IN INDOCHINA13 ATLAS OF CONFLICTS THE VIETNAM WAR

Personal Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Personal Responsibility EssayPersonal responsible is think to college success. There are two reasons for practicing in the flesh(predicate) responsibility. starting line, setting aside discipline time, but most importantly, ontogeny ability to focus in classroom. Informal Outline When enrolling in college, students compulsion to practice personal responsibility. First they must be able to define personal responsibility and what meaning it will have on them during their college semesters. Personal responsibility involves an individual be held accountable for their own actions upon themselves and others.Further, personal responsibility being when you seat cease placing blame upon others for your mistakes and when you quit blaming yourself. By achieving this you become honest with yourself, and so earmarking yourself to move forward with your education. To be successful in college a key element is personal responsibility. Personal responsibility can be viewed as a key ele ment because in that location are moments during college where students are or believe themselves to be failing and by taking personal responsibility for their actions they will build their self-esteem and accountability for their actions.The tie-up with personal responsibility and college success is dependent upon accounting for your own choices and actions. To ensure success in college, students need to establish guidelines. You must be able to stay focused during class time. By allowing yourself enough residue the night prior to class, your ability to remain focused during class remains intact. Sleeplessness leads to your being negligent and this can cause you to miss issues of importance during class time.Another element that can affect being focused is eating habits. Lack of food can affect your ability to focus during class time. creation focused in class allows you to hone your listening skills and take good notes during class. Another guideline which would allow success in college is setting aside study time. An example would be allowing yourself 30 minute breaks throughout the day. The location of where you study is of importance also.An example would be if you study in a crowded area, there would be too much confusion and interference which would affect your ability to establish good study habits. It would be preferable to set up study in a quiet and isolated area, thus allowing you to concentrate and focus on your studies. The above guidelines will help increase a students level of personal responsibility. It will also increase the students ability to achieve success throughout their college years.

Extra Credit for Reflective Essay Essay Example for Free

Extra Credit for Reflective essay EssayMy composing is nowhere near what I would consider good. I am the only oneness to blame. As I previously stated in other class assignments, I dropped out of advanced school in the middle of ninth grade. Ever since then, I never did any sort of writing, unless it was for work. sort of of working on my writing and education in general these past 6 years, I render been ignoring the fact that being educated will get me further in life and help me fail more comfortably. What pushed me get back into school was the birth of my daughter as well as my evoke in becoming a police officer.Aside from my horrible credit history, I k immature from the start that my writing needs improvement if I even want to get through the screening process for new hires. In class, I realized how much there is to writing certain texts. Specially with essays, there was scathe mentioned that I was not thought with or I bonny simply forgot about them. Learning gra mmar was of considerable help to me as I see grammar as my biggest weakness when it comes to writing. I specifically remember the introduction about proper usage on the apostrophe, because I was guilty on using it incorrectly with plural form nouns.What I would have liked, however, is that grammar should have been taught not by the students, but by the professor. Some of the presentations seemed very alpha and essential to writing but they were not all clear to understand. Others had good information but it was knotty for me to keep interest as the speaker read line after line of text of what seemed to be copy and paste definitions. Aside from that minor f practice of law, I thought the class was good overall. I just wish I had more free time so I canister takeanother(prenominal) class that supersedes this one.If I get thru the hiring process, I will have to be a good author as police officers have to generate many accurate reports throughout their work day. Since incorrect gr ammar can completely change the meaning of something, I do not want it to be my weakest link when it comes to my law enforcement career. Especially since being a bad writer is correctable.Whether I take another class or buy abook on grammar, I will attempt to improve it. Even if its a little at a time. As long as I am moving precedent and not backwards, my future looks brighter than before I got back into school.

Childhood and Physical Contact Essay Example for Free

Childhood and Physical finish off Essay3.4 Explain how practiti onenessrs can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits. Many jobs within youngsterrens workforce enquire physical contact with children as part of their role. There are also occasions when it is entirely permit for other adults to have some physical contact with a child or new-fangled soul with whom they are working with. However it is crucial that in entirely pile, adults should only touch children or young people in ways which are appropriate to their professionals or agreed roles and responsibilities Practitioners need to be awake(predicate) that even well intentioned physical contact may be seen as inappropriate by the child, other adults or by anyone to whom this action may be viewed by, also never touch a child in a way which may be considered indecent. Always be prepared to report and relieve actions and accept that all physical conta ct, but understand that physical contact in some circumstances can be easily misinterpreted because of the state of mind of the child or the adult. Be aware of all cultural and religious views about touching and always be sensitive to issues of gender and always elevate children, where possible, to undertake self-care tasks independently e.g. changing and use of the bathroom. As an adult working with children always pre empt situations that may typeset you in a vulnerable position and plan to avoid them such as concealed one to one contact with a child or young person. Where possible always leave a record of a planned visit which may have the potential to be problematic e.g. where, when and wherefore and take to follow up any incidents/ accidents or concerning behaviour.

The Necessity of ObamaCare in the United States Essay Example for Free

The Necessity of ObamaC are in the United States EssayThe United States is heavy watched around the world in harm of politics or any other action as it is one of the leading countries of the world. Recently, the United States caught the eye of the world in its recent debate of the wellness fear rejuvenate. Most commonly referred to as ObamaCare the official name is the Patient Protection and Afford fit Care cause (PPACA) or for short, the Affordable Care deport (ACA). President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 signed the Affordability Care Act into law to reform the health vexation industry and it was later upheld by the supreme court on June 28th, 2012. The goal of ObamaCare is to give more Americans access to cheap, quality health insurance, and to reduce the growth in health compassionate spending in the U. S. (ObamaCare Facts n. d). The debate is centred around the Republican Partys actions of trying to stop the implementation of this law. However, I believe the Rep ublican Party has no sound to prevent the implementation of the health mission reform in the United States as it undermines the three elements of democracy liberty, equality and solidarity (Brodie,Rein smith p.36). It does this as it is withholding low-cost health care of the expansion of Medicaid and Medicare and offering cost assistance through healthcare insurance marketplaces to around 44 million Americans who are unable to get health insurance with the majority of uninsured being slimy working families and those who simply cannot afford health insurance. Therefore, going against democracys separated form of always including those not merely involved (Brodie,ReinSmith p.38) which therefore instantly mocks the idea of solidarity and its sense of belonging or acceptance. In order to fully grasp the concept of the argument a few key terms needs to be defined. majority rule is any form of government in which the rules of society are decided by the people who depart be bou nd by them (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 32). Equality is a term conveying the idea that exclusively citizens should befuddle the same access to the political sphere, the rule of and social entitlements.Solidarity is a term that refers to a kind of rank and file in the political confederacy, and feelings of belonging associated with the acceptance by that community. The healthcare reform gives us a pretend to rethink equality via solidarity where it is an equality of opportunity instead of equality of chance where everyone is granted the opportunity and are able to engage health insurance via the Affordable Care Act. The sense of solidarity is therefore highlighted in the benefits of ObamaCare.The benefits of ObamaCare by all odds outweigh the cons without a doubt. Before the law you could be denied coverage or treatment because you had been sick in the past, be aerated more because you were a woman, be dropped mid-treatment for making a simple mistake on your application, and had li ttle or no way to fight insurance company appeals. Today all Americans have access to a large number of unprecedented new benefits, rights and protections.The major ones outlined by the healthcare reform are there are many of uninsured persons who will get access to affordable quality health insurance through the marketplace, thus 82% of uninsured adults will qualify for free or low cost insurance. Insurance companies are not allowed to dismiss you when you are sick or if you make a mistake on your application. Neither can you be denied coverage or charged more for be conditions such as being sick.Another benefit is that young adults are able to stay on their parents plan until the age of 26. Also there is better care and protections for seniors and essential health benefits like emergency care, hospitalization,prescription drugs, and maternity and newborn care must be included on all non-grandfathered plans at no out-of-pocket limit (ObamaCare Facts n. d). Additionally, you cannot be charged more based on health or gender. ObamaCare helps to curb the growth in healthcare spending with reforms to the health industry to cut inefficient spending.Seeing all of these benefits, it shows the irrationality of Republicans refusal of the healthcare reform as these provisions encompass solidarity in terms of those who were unable to have health insurance will be able to which brings out the equality of opportunity and linking to solidarity, are now able to have a sense of membership into the political and healthcare community as they are now able to enjoy the benefits of healthcare as the majority did before. After all, everyone deserves the right to healthcare.However, the Republicans knowing what the Affordability Act entailed did as much as they could to refute it and thus caused the United States to become the revolve about of the world because of the government shutdown due to their actions. One of the Republicans many attempts to refute ObamaCare ended up in a shutdown of the United States government beginning from October 1st, 2013 and it lasted up to 2 weeks. It was time for the spending musical notes to be passed and the Republicans insisted any new spending bill include provisions to hinder ObamaCare.They therefore, passed two spending bill amendments, one that would delay ObamaCare for a year and one that would repeal the ObamaCares medical device tax. However, the health care law isnt directly tied to funding the government, but its being used as a negotiate chip. The Senate rejected this proposal, which prompted the House to approve another spending plan that would remove the Obamacare individual mandate. The Senate rejected that as well thus resulting in the government shutdown. It should be noted that , democracy privileges solidarity over ego (Brodie,ReinSmith p.41) and the Republicans actions stemmed from their ego thus there is no justification for their actions. Furthermore, the article Health Reform 2010 The lacking(p) P hilosophical Premises in the Long- Running Health Care Debate by Theodore R. Marmor, puts forth a comparison of the healthcare constitutions of Germany, Canada, England, Japan, and France to the United States. Each, as distinct from the United States, has created a universal health care program fundamentally based on the idea that medical care is a merit, not a market good.The equal access standard does not, of course, mean ideal practice, but care is more evenly distributed as a result (Marmor p. 569). This is now what ObamaCare seeks to do by imposing on the health care system that is seen to be run by private-profit companies, whose bottom line is money and not health. This idea of medical care being a merit and having more equally distributed care are two factors entailed in ObamaCare. This is where the elements of democracy freedom, equality and solidarity once again come into play.Healthcare becoming more equally distributed directly deals with equality which is directly li nked to solidarity and the sense of belonging or acceptance as those previously without healthcare are now in the mix. Consequently, I have shown that the Republicans would like to see ObamaCare repealed. If it is repealed then millions of Americans will be without proper health coverage, and insurance companies will continue to be able to deny coverage for pre-existing conditions.Without healthcare reform America will continue to suffer the consequences of a health care system controlled by private for-profit companies, whose bottom line is money and not health. Debates in the US press carry off from the fact that healthcare is about shared humanity and solidarity, not ideology. The Republicans actions are not justified as it is seen to be stemmed from ego while the Affordability Care Act with its many benefits encompass the idea of the elements of democracy freedom, equality and solidarity.