Course Note on Organizational Behaviour Essay

DEFINITION OF ORGANISATIONAccording to Gary Johns, Organisations be friendly inventions for accomplishing goals done group efforts. This definition covers wide mixing-of groups such as businesses, schools, hospitals, fraternal groups, religious bodies, government agencies and so on. There are three significant aspects in the above definition, which require further analysis. They are as follows Social Inventions The word social as a derivative of society basic ally means company of population. It is the peck that primarily begin up an government. Accomplishing Goals alone organizations have reasons for their existence. These reasons are the goals towards which all organisational efforts are directed. duration the primary goal .of any commercial organisation is to make money for its owners, this goal is inter-related with many separate goals. Accordingly, any organisational goal must integrate in itself the personal goals of all individuals associated with the organisation. Group Effort batch, twain as members of the society at large and as a part of an organisation interact with individually other and are inter-dependent. Individuals in themselves have physical and intellectual limitations and these limitations can only be bruise by group efforts.MEANING AND DEFINITION OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUROrganisational doings is bear on with peoples thoughts, feelings, emotions and actions in trimting up a work. apprehension an individual demeanor is in itself a challenge, but consciousness group doings in an organisational surroundings is a monumental managerial task.As Nadler and Tushman put it, Understanding one individuals behaviour is challenging in and of itself see to iting a group that is do up of different individuals and comprehending the many relationships among those individuals is even more complex. Ultimately, the organisations work gets done through people, individually or collectively, on their, own or in collaboration with techn ology. Therefore, the management of organisational behaviour is key to the management taska task that involves the capacity to understand the behaviour patterns of individuals, groups and organisations, to predict what behavioural responses will be elicited byvarious managerial actions and finally to use this disposition and these predictions to achieve control.Organisational behaviour can then be defined as The study of benevolent behaviour in organisational settings, the port between human race behaviour and the organisational circumstance, and the organisation itself.The above definition has three partsthe individual behaviour, the organisation and the (interface between the two. Each individual brings to an organisation a unique set of beliefs, values, attitudes and other personal characteristics and these characteristics of all individuals must interact with separately other in order to create organisational settings. The organisational behaviour is specifically concerned with work-related behaviour, which takes place in organisations.In addition to understanding the on-going behavioural processes involved, in their own jobs, managers must understand the basic human element of their work. Organisational behaviour offers three major ways of understanding this context people as organisations, people as resources and people as people.Above all, organisations are people and without people at that place would be no organisations. Thus, if managers are to understand the organisations in which they work, they must first understand the people who make up the organisations.As resources, people are one of the organisations most valuable assets. state create the organisation, guide and direct its course, and vitalise and revitalise it. People make the decisions, solve the problems, and answer the questions. As managers increasingly recognise the value of potential contributions by their employees, it will become more and more fundamental for managers and em ployees to grasp the complexities of organisational behaviour.Finally, there is people as people an argument derived from the simple notion of humanistic management. People spend a large part of their lives in organisational settings, mostly as employees. They have a even off toexpect something in return beyond wages and benefits. They have a right to expect rejoicing and to learn new skills. An understanding of organisational behaviour can help the manager break off appreciate the variety of individual pauperisations and expectations.Organisational behaviour is concerned with the characteristics and behaviours of employees in isolation the characteristics and processes that are part of the organisation itself and the characteristics and behaviours flat resulting from people with their individual needs and motivations working within the structure of the organisation. One cannot understand an individuals behaviour completely without learning something about that individuals org anisation. Similarly, he cannot understand how the organisation operates without perusal the people who-make it up. Thus, the organisation influences and is influenced by individuals.ELEMENTS OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOURThe key elements in the organisational behaviour are people,, structure, technology and the environment in which the organisation operates. People People make up the internal and social system of the organisation. They live of individuals and groups. The groups may be big or small dress or informal official or unofficial. Groups are dynamic and they work in the organisation to achieve their objectives. Structure Structure defines the formal relationships of the people in organisations. Different people in the organisation are performing different type of jobs and they need to be (elated in some structural way so that their work can be in effect co-ordinated.Technology Technology such as machines and work processes stand the resources with which people work and aff ects the tasks that they perform. The technology use has a significant influence on working relationships. It allows people to do more and work better but it also restricts people in various ways. Environment All organisations operate within an outside(a) environment. It is the part of a larger system that contains many other elements such as government, family and other organisations. All of these mutually influence each other in a complex system that creates a context for a group of people.NATURE OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUREach individual brings to an organisation a unique set of personal characteristics, experiences from other organisation, the environment surrounding the organisation and1 they also possess a personal background. In considering the people working in an organisation, organisational behaviour must look at the unique perspective that each individual brings to the work setting.But individuals do not work in isolation. They come in get together with other individual s and the organisation in a variety of ways. Points of contact include managers, co-workers, formal policies and procedures of the organisation, and various changes implemented by the organisation. Over time, the individual, too, changes, as a function of both the personal experiences and the organisation. The organisation is also unnatural by the presence and eventual absence of the individual. Clearly, the study of organisational behaviour must consider the ways in which the individual and the organisation interact.An organisation, characteristically, exists before a particular person joins it and continues to exist after he leaves it. Thus, the organisation itself represents a crucial third perspective from which to view organisational behaviour.NEED FOR STUDYING ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOURThe rules of work are different from the rules of play. The uniqueness of rules and the environment of organisations forces managers to study organisational behaviour in order to learn about ave rage and abnormal ranges of behaviour.More specifically, organisational behaviour serves three purposesWhat causes behaviour?Why particular antecedents cause behaviour?Which antecedents of behaviour can be controlled straight off and which are beyond control?A more specific and formal course in organisational behaviour helps an individual to civilize more refined and workable sets of assumption that is directly relevant to his work interactions. Organisational behaviour helps in predicting human behaviour in the organisational setting by outline a clear distinction between individual behaviour and group behaviour.Organisational behaviour does not raise solutions to all complex and different behaviour puzzles of organisations. It is only the intelligent judgement of the manager in dealing with a specific issue that can try to solve the problem. Organisational behaviour only assists in devising judgements that are derived from tenable assumptions judgement that takes into narr ation the important variables underlying the situation judgement that are assign due recognition to the complexity of individual or group behaviour judgement that explicitly takes into account the managers own goals, motives, hang-ups, blind spots and weaknesses.IMPORTANCE OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUROrganisational behaviour offers several ideas to management as to how human factor should be properly emphasised to achieve organisational objectives. Barnard has observed that an organisation is a conscious interaction of two or more people. This suggests that since an organisation is Ihe interaction of persons, they should be given adequate importance in managing the organisation. Organisational behaviour provides opportunity to management to analyse human behaviour and prescribe means for shaping it to a particular direction.Understanding gentleman Behaviour Organisational behaviour provides understanding the human behaviour in all directions in which the human beings interact. Thus , organisational behaviour can be understood at the individual level, social level, group level and inter-group level.Organisational behaviour helps to analyse why and how an individual behaves in a particular way. Human behaviour is a complex phenomenon and is affected by a large number of factors including the psychological, social and cultural implications. Organisational behaviour integrates these factorsto provide* simplicity in understanding the human behaviour.Interpersonal Level Human behaviour can be understood at the level of interpersonal interaction. Organisational behaviour provides means for understanding the interpersonal relationships in an organisation. Analysis of reciprocal relationships, role analysis and transactional analysis are some of the common methods, which provide such understanding. Group Level Though people interpret anything at their individual level, they are a lot modified by group pressures, which then become a force in shaping human behaviour, Thus, individuals should be studied in groups also..Research in group dynamics has contributed vitally to organisational behaviour and shows how a group behaves in its norms, cohesion, goals, procedures, communication pattern and leadership. These research results are advancing managerial knowledge of understanding group behaviour, which is very important for organisational morale and productivity. Inter-group Level The organisation is made up of many groups that develop complex relationships to build their process and substance. Understanding the effect of group relationships is important for managers in todays organisation. Inter-group relationship may be in the form of co-operation or competition.